Indonesian's Cultural

Komodo Island

A place that everyone enjoys looking at whose name heaven on earth. Namely Komodo island which is owned by the Indonesian nation. Island by the UNESCO Institute became a protected place. Komodo dragons are native to islands of Flores, East Nusa Tenggara. The island is occupied most dragons are named according to the name of this animal when it was discovered in 1910, the island of Komodo (Komodo Island).
These giant lizards including endangered animals in the wild population of fewer than 4,000 individuals. To protect the dragons, in 1980 agreed to establish protected areas in Komodo National Park Komodo Island and small islands around it.
In 1910 the Dutch named the island in the southern province of East Nusa Tenggara is the nickname of the island of Komodo. This story begins with Lieutenant Steyn van Hens Broek, a Dutch army tried to prove statements about the existence of a large animal like a dragon on the island. Steyn then kill a dragon and bring documentation to the Museum and Botanical Garden in Bogor to be investigated.
In 2009, the Park has been named a finalist "New Seven Wonders of Nature" newly published in 2010. On 11 November 2011, the New 7 Wonders has announced the winners while, and the Park entrance into the ranks of winners
However, the existence of dragons is now becoming increasingly depleted, we must also maintain its sustainability so that we too can still see the beautiful habitat.

 Borobudur Temple

Borobudur temple is located in Magelang, Central Java region is no less natural beauty has charm, on the slopes of Mount Merapi. Borobudur is a place of worship. Based on the inscriptions and the Tri Tepusan Karangtengah, Casparis estimate Borobudur founder of the dynasty was the king of Mataram dynasty named Samaratungga, who do the construction around the year 824 AD The giant new building can be completed at the time of her daughter, Queen Pramudawardhani. Borobudur construction expected to take half a century. Karangtengah also mentioned in the inscription on the conferment of land sima (tax-free land) by the Sri Kahulunan (Pramudawardhani) to maintain Kamulan called Bhumisambhara. The term itself comes from the word Kamulan first place the origin of meaning, a shrine to honor ancestors, probably the ancestor of the dynasty Sailendra. Casparis estimates that Bhumi Sambhara Bhudhara in Sanskrit which means "hill of virtue ten levels set boddhisattwa", was the original name of Borobudur.
That was originally buried because the area on the slopes of Mount Merapi, but eventually found again by Thomas Stamford Raffles. And berkatnyalah rediscovered Borobudur temple which was buried. However, for longer periods of time Borobudur has been a source of souvenirs and income for the thieves, plunderers of the temple, and collectors' artifact hunters ". Head of statue of Buddha is the most often stolen. For stealing all the buddha statues are too heavy and bulky, statues deliberately turned upside down and dropped by the thief to his head severed. Because it is now at the Borobudur Buddhist statues are found without a head. Buddha heads of Borobudur has long been the target of antiquities collectors and museums around the world. In 1882, chief inspector of cultural artifacts recommended that Borobudur reliefs dismantled entirely and moved to the museum. Borobudur temple was stolen as part of souvenir items, statues and carvings were hunted collector of antiques.

Angklung and Gamelan

 

Angklung and gamelan are some of the more traditional arts in Indonesia are growing up overseas. Angklung is a musical instrument multitonal (double pitched) is traditionally grown in the Sundanese-speaking community in the western part of Java Island. This musical instrument made of bamboo, sounded shaken by the way (the sound caused by impact bodies of bamboo pipes) so as to produce a vibrating sound in the arrangement of tones 2, 3, and 4 tones in every size, both large and small. Angklung is listed as Masterpieces of the Oral and Cultural Heritage of UNESCO Human Nonbendawi since November 2010. Notes on the emerging angklung referring to the Kingdom of Sunda (the 12th century until the 16th century). The origin of the creation of the music of bamboo, such as the angklung is based on the view that the agrarian life of the Sunda with the lifeblood of rice (pare) as a staple food. This gave rise to the myth of confidence in Sri Nyai Pohaci as a symbol of life-giving Goddess of Rice (breathe-hurip). Bedouin society, which is regarded as the remnants of the original Sundanese, apply angklung as part of the ritual began planting rice. Gubrag angklung game in Jasinga, Bogor, is one that is still alive since more than 400 years ago. Appearance of the rite begins with rice. Angklung is created and played for Dewi Sri lure down to earth so that the people of rice plants to flourish.Species of bamboo which is used as the instrument is a black bamboo (awi wulung) and white bamboo (awi friend). Each tone (barrel) resulting from the sound of tube-shaped bamboo slats (wilahan) each segment of bamboo from small to large sizes.Known by the Sundanese since the Sunda kingdom, of which as penggugah spirit in battle. Angklung as a function of pumping the spirit of the people still continued to feel until the colonial period, that is why the Dutch government could ban the use of angklung, the ban could make angklung popularity declined and only played by children at that time.The next song offerings to Dewi Sri is accompanied by the sound of percussion accompaniment made of bamboo poles are simple packaged structure which then was born the bamboo musical instrument we know today called angklung. Similarly, at the time of harvest festival and is dedicated game angklung seren epidemic. Especially in the presentation ceremony Angklung related to rice, this art became a nature show or helaran procession, even in some places into the convoy and Dongdang Rengkong and Jampana (stretcher food) and so on.During its development, angklung evolved and spread throughout Java, and Borneo and Sumatra. In 1908 recorded a cultural mission from Indonesia to Thailand, among others, characterized the submission angklung, bamboo music and games also had spread there.

While the gamelan is a musical ensemble that usually highlight metallophones, xylophone, drums, and gongs. The term gamelan refers to the instrument / tool, which is a unified whole that is realized and sounded together. The word itself comes from Gamelan Java language gamel which means hitting / beating, followed by an ending that makes it a noun. Gamelan orchestra mostly located on the island of Java, Madura, Bali, and Lombok in Indonesia in various types of ensemble sizes and shapes. In Bali and Lombok today, and in Java through the 18th century, the term is considered synonymous with the gong more gamelan.Preceded the emergence of gamelan with Hindu-Buddhist culture that dominated Indonesia in the early days of recording history, which also represents the original Indonesian art. Instrument was developed to shape up like this at the time of the Majapahit Kingdom. In contrast to the music of India, the only impact of the India-an in gamelan music is how menyanikannya. In Javanese mythology, the gamelan dicipatakan by Sang Hyang Guru in Saka Era, the god who controlled all the land of Java, with a castle on the mountain Mahendra in Medangkamulan (now Mount Lawu). Sang Hyang Guru is first created the gong to summon the gods. For a more specific message and then create two gongs, then eventually formed gamelan set.The description of the ensemble's first musical instrument was found in the temple of Borobudur, Magelang, Central Java, which has stood since the 8th century. Musical instruments such as bamboo flute, bells, drums in various sizes, harp, stringed musical instrument that is swiped and learned, is found in the relief. However, little is found elements of metal musical instruments. However, the relief of the instrument is said to be the origin of the gamelan.

Reog Ponorogo

Ada lima versi cerita populer yang berkembang di masyarakat tentang asal-usul Reog dan Warok, namun salah satu cerita yang paling terkenal adalah cerita tentang pemberontakan Ki Ageng Kutu, seorang abdi kerajaan pada masa Bhre Kertabhumi, Raja Majapahit terakhir yang berkuasa pada abad ke-15. Ki Ageng Kutu murka akan pengaruh kuat dari pihak istri raja Majapahit yang berasal dari Cina, selain itu juga murka kepada rajanya dalam pemerintahan yang korup, ia pun melihat bahwa kekuasaan Kerajaan Majapahit akan berakhir. Ia lalu meninggalkan sang raja dan mendirikan perguruan di mana ia mengajar seni bela diri kepada anak-anak muda, ilmu kekebalan diri, dan ilmu kesempurnaan dengan harapan bahwa anak-anak muda ini akan menjadi bibit dari kebangkitan kerajaan Majapahit kembali. Sadar bahwa pasukannya terlalu kecil untuk melawan pasukan kerajaan maka pesan politis Ki Ageng Kutu disampaikan melalui pertunjukan seni Reog, yang merupakan "sindiran" kepada Raja Kertabhumi dan kerajaannya. Pagelaran Reog menjadi cara Ki Ageng Kutu membangun perlawanan masyarakat lokal menggunakan kepopuleran Reog.

Dalam pertunjukan Reog ditampilkan topeng berbentuk kepala singa yang dikenal sebagai "Singa barong", raja hutan, yang menjadi simbol untuk Kertabhumi, dan diatasnya ditancapkan bulu-bulu merak hingga menyerupai kipas raksasa yang menyimbolkan pengaruh kuat para rekan Cinanya yang mengatur dari atas segala gerak-geriknya. Jatilan, yang diperankan oleh kelompok penari gemblak yang menunggangi kuda-kudaan menjadi simbol kekuatan pasukan Kerajaan Majapahit yang menjadi perbandingan kontras dengan kekuatan warok, yang berada dibalik topeng badut merah yang menjadi simbol untuk Ki Ageng Kutu, sendirian dan menopang berat topeng singabarong yang mencapai lebih dari 50 kg hanya dengan menggunakan giginya. Kepopuleran Reog Ki Ageng Kutu akhirnya menyebabkan Bhre Kertabhumi warok. Namun murid-murid Ki Ageng kutu tetap melanjutkannya secara diam-diam. Walaupun begitu, kesenian Reognya sendiri masih diperbolehkan untuk dipentaskan karena sudah menjadi pertunjukan populer di antara masyarakat, namun jalan ceritanya memiliki alur baru di mana ditambahkan karakter-karakter dari cerita rakyat Ponorogo yaitu Kelono Sewandono, Dewi Songgolangit, dan Sri Genthayu. mengambil tindakan dan menyerang perguruannya, pemberontakan oleh dengan cepat diatasi, dan perguruan dilarang untuk melanjutkan pengajaran akan

Versi resmi alur cerita Reog Ponorogo kini adalah cerita tentang Raja Ponorogo yang berniat melamar putri Kediri, Dewi Ragil Kuning, namun di tengah perjalanan ia dicegat oleh Raja Singabarong dari Kediri. Pasukan Raja Singabarong terdiri dari merak dan singa, sedangkan dari pihak Kerajaan Ponorogo Raja Kelono dan Wakilnya Bujang Anom, dikawal oleh warok Kediri dan Kerajaan Ponorogo, dan mengadu ilmu hitam antara keduanya, para penari dalam keadaan "kerasukan" saat mementaskan tariannya. (pria berpakaian hitam-hitam dalam tariannya), dan warok ini memiliki ilmu hitam mematikan. Seluruh tariannya merupakan tarian perang antara Kerajaan

Hingga kini masyarakat Ponorogo hanya mengikuti apa yang menjadi warisan leluhur mereka sebagai warisan budaya yang sangat kaya. Dalam pengalamannya Seni Reog merupakan cipta kreasi manusia yang terbentuk adanya aliran kepercayaan yang ada secara turun temurun dan terjaga. Upacaranya pun menggunakan syarat-syarat yang tidak mudah bagi orang awam untuk memenuhinya tanpa adanya garis keturunan yang jelas. mereka menganut garis keturunan Parental dan hukum adat yang masih berlaku.

Tempeh

Tempe is the typical food of Indonesia, which has now spread throughout the world. Starting from the public, especially Solo and Yogyakarta. How to make that in the early stages of making tempeh, soy beans boiled. Boiling stage serves as the hydration process, namely that of soy beans to absorb water as much as possible. Boiling is also intended to soften the soy beans that will be able to absorb the acid in the soaking stage.
Soybean seed coat peeled on stage stripping in order to penetrate the fungal mycelium soybean seeds during fermentation. Stripping can be done by hand, being trampled by the feet, or a nut shell peeler.
Once peeled, soaked soy beans. Immersion stage is for the purpose of hydration of soy beans and let the natural lactic acid fermentation in order to obtain the acidity required for the growth of fungi. Lactic acid fermentation occurs is characterized by the emergence of a sour smell and scum on the water bath due to the growth of Lactobacillus bacteria. When the growth of lactic acid bacteria is not optimum (eg in temperate countries, the acid should be added to the soaking water. Lactic acid fermentation and acidification, it is also useful to increase the nutritional value and eliminate the toxic bacteria.
Final washing process performed to remove impurities that may be formed by lactic acid bacteria and soy beans that are not too acidic. Bacteria and dirt can inhibit the growth of fungi.
Inoculation is done by the addition of inoculum, the yeast tempeh or laru. Inoculum may be a mold that grows on the leaves and dried hibiscus or teak leaves (called usar; used traditionally), mold spores in the medium tempe flour (wheat, rice, or tapioca; sold in the market), or culture R. pure oligosporus (tempeh makers commonly used by outside Indonesia). Inoculation can be done in two ways, namely spreading the inoculum on the surface of soy beans that have been cold and dried, then mixed thoroughly before wrapping; or inoculum can be mixed directly at the time of immersion, left for some time, and then dried.
Once inoculated, soy beans wrapped or placed in containers for fermentation. A variety of packing materials or containers may be used (eg banana leaves, hibiscus leaves, leaf teak, plastic, glass, wood, and steel), provided that allows the entry of air as tempe molds need oxygen to grow. Material from the leaves or plastic wrapper is usually given by way of holes pierced.
Soybean seeds that have been wrapped allowed to undergo a process of fermentation. In this process the mold growing on the surface and penetrate the soybean seeds, put them together into tempe. Fermentation can be carried out at 20 ° C-37 ° C for 18-36 hours. Shorter fermentation time is usually to use a lot of tempeh inoculum and higher temperatures, while the traditional process using laru of leaf fermentation usually takes up to 36 hours.
Benefits of tempeh, tempeh has the potential to be used against free radicals, which can inhibit the aging process and prevent degenerative diseases (atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus, cancer, etc.). In addition Tempe also contains an antibacterial substance which causes diarrhea, lowering of blood cholesterol, preventing heart disease, hypertension, and others.